The Impact of Video Games on American Culture - 2475 Words

Video games are advanced, hands on form of entertainment that have been played for the past fifty-five years. The number of users of video games has dramatically increased over the past five decades, which has immensely impacted American society through numerous positive and negative aspects. Video games have emerged as one of the most popular forms of entertainment and have severely improved in quality on account of technological advancements. The very first video game ever created was by a man named Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. The console was actually a device used in science called a Cathode ray tube. â€Å"The ray tube was inspired by radar display technology and consisted of a device that allowed the user to control a small vector-drawn dot†¦show more content†¦(Gentile, Lynch, Linder, Walsh) These elevated aggression levels caused by gaming can also be to blame for physical confrontations and reckless behavior. Even after a minimal amount of time playing a violent game, players can automatically prime aggressive thoughts (Bushman Anderson). Their research concluded that players who had prior experience playing violent video games responded with an increased level of aggression when they encountered confrontation. One of the most popular and most successful selling video game ever is Grand Theft Auto V. The game generated more than â€Å"800 million dollars in sales on the first day alone; and over 1 billion dollars in the first three days of being released†(Chmielewski). Ignoring these amazing sales figures, lets examine what over 1.5 million players are exposed to. Hundreds of thousands of players under the age of 18 are exposed to very obscene gestures and violence. In Grand Theft Auto 5, the goal of the game is to climb the social ladder of criminal activity. Players kill civilians, abuse illegal drugs, and sexually exploit women. To complete the story, the game requires the player to have sexual relations with a stripper. The game shows nude women, uses foul language, encourages inappropriate sexual behavior, and encourages drug use. These types of games are always rated for players over the age of 18; but often, younger players are the ones playing these games. This has projected an imageShow MoreRelatedThe Positive and Negative Aspects of Video Games in Society968 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent in our culture is video games. As it is becoming more prominent, it is also evolving throughout the years. Video games now are becoming more complex and influential in our society. People can use this type of entertainment was a way to relieve stress or a way to socialize with others online. Video games is almost available everywhere, from video consoles to cell phones, most Americans have played a video game before. The American myth is that Americans mostly view video games as a way to passRead MoreVideo Gameplay Of Video Games1617 Words   |  7 Pages Video Gaming has played a major factor for video gamers worldwide, this brings the expertise of video game developers to develop the next generation of video games. Video gamers(?) in Japan and the United States share the enjoyment in playing video games. What is the history behind video games? What are the prices of video games in Japanese? What are the prices of video games in the United States? How are American and Japanese video games are different? There are similarities and differences inRead More Children, Media, and Violence Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesoverwhelming. To argue against it, the link between media violence and teen violence is like arguing against gravity, said Jeffrey McIntyre, legislative and federal affairs officer for the American Psychological Association. As children are exposed to acts of violence in the media through television, video games, music, movies, etc. alarming results are occurring. The main negative effect being an increase in aggression among youth who are regularly exposed to the media and an increase in violentRead MoreDo You Think Violent Video Game Exposure Effect The Behavior Of Children?1244 Words   |  5 PagesDo you think violent video game exposure effect the behavior of children? Introduction Studies show that exposure to violent video games affects the behavior of children.Some have vandalized, beat someone up, took part in bullying someone.As many as 97% of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the $21.53 billion domestic video game industry. More than half of the 50 top-selling video games contain violence. Violent video games have been blamed for school shootings, increases in bullyingRead MoreVideo Games Impacts on Youth1181 Words   |  5 PagesBlanchard English 1102 20 September 2011 Video Games Impact on Youth Today Video games are the most popular form of entertainment and they are enjoyed by people from all age groups. Playing video games can have tremendous impacts on the different age groups, most importantly on the youth. The impact of video games on the youth has many different sides and it is a highly debated topic. One side feels that it has no impact on the youth and is only a game in which the content is meant to be enjoyedRead More Video Games in Popular Culture: an Exposition Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesto a destroyed culture. Petrified trees are all that remains of the local fauna. Off in the distance, all that remains is destruction. While you may think of this stunning visualization of a wonderful novel, this is actually one of the opening scenes from Todd Howard and Bethesda Game Studios’ â€Å"Fallout 3.† An examination of videogames in popular culture is a complicated one. There is a large debate as to what is the very first video game. The supposed earliest known video game was created byRead MoreVideo Games Have A Negative Influence On Young People1600 Words   |  7 Pagessociety often depict video games to have a negative influence on young people. However, playing video games is more beneficial than people would think. Playing video games have many advantages, such as they help increase and develop cognitive functions, mental health, and more often than most they are educational. Gee, James Paul. What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. This book looks at the educational level of what video games have to teach us. GeeRead More Japanese in America Essay558 Words   |  3 Pagesadults are being drawn into Japanese culture through TV, books, and even food. Japanese comics, called manga, take up more and more space on American bookshelves, and theyve infused new life into the publishing industry. Japanese animation, anime, is on more and more movies and TV screens and influencing popular toys and games. Before the 80’s when people thought of Japanese imports, they thought of cars, TV’s, walkmans, and other electronics. Japanese pop culture is becoming increasingly popular andRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Violent Behavior Among Young Children1525 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Julian A. Jaggon University of Central Florida The Effect of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Just how popular are videogames? In today’s society very popular, not only do our kids and teenagers play video games but even grown men and women play them as well. Video games are now more popular than watching television or going to the movies. According to Center forRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Our Lives1355 Words   |  6 Pagesnerves effecting your ability to see or exercise? Many people have differing opinions on this subject. I personally think that video games can greatly impact your lives in a positive manner, but they can also destroy your lives. Videogames altering your intelligence making you less sophisticated, or time consuming making people over weight? The advantage of playing video games can be proven in its ability to enhance learning, hand-eye coordination, and can help to reduce feelings of stress and anger

Working With The Elderly Population - 1475 Words

Reminiscing to 2010, when I was faced with my grandmother s illness during the adolescent years in my life I knew that I had a passion to care for the elderly (aging) population. From this passion, it ignited a fire so strong that I pursue my certified nursing assistant certification to gain a better understanding of working with the elderly population. By doing so, it has been a great benefit to my life; aging is an inevitable experience that we all will go through during our life. It is important to ensure that our elderly individuals are still able to enjoy the best quality of life after retirement. However, as we age, there will be a lifestyle change that the aging population must encounter. Instead of relying on income from previous occupation, the elderly population, income will fixate, resulting in dependency on their 401k saving plan and other government related programs to assist with activities of daily living. This is why I choose to work with this population, to ensure t hat dignity, worth, and respect of a person is maintained. However, the aging population should not feel that they are being treated as a burden by the government or their families. In the United States, we undermine our aging population by treating them as though they are not of any value. In reference to this mistreatment towards the aging population can cause issues such as unemployment, health, and elder abuse. Social justice is about assuring the protection of equal rights, andShow MoreRelatedAgeing Population942 Words   |  4 PagesItem B and elsewhere, assess the view that an ageing population creates problems for society There are many different problems that an ageing population creates for society. There are many reasons why there is an increase in the ageing population, as Item B states â€Å"In common with many western societies, the United Kingdom has an ageing population. Rising life expectancy and a relatively low birth rate have meant that the average age of the population is rising†. Also the decline in fertility has ledRead MoreNeccessary Adaptations for an Aging Population Essay711 Words   |  3 Pagesincreasing quality of healthcare, many countries around the world are now experiencing an ageing population. This involves a change in the demographic composition of the elderly and the young in a population. This means that there is a decrease in fertility rates with an increase in the number of elderly people (over 65). Therefore, the average age of the population is increasing. According to WHO, â€Å"this population ageing can be seen as a success story for public health polici es, but it also challengesRead MoreThe Role Of A Social Worker And The Elderly Population957 Words   |  4 Pagesvary by population’s categories ranging anywhere between low income families to the LGBT community. Today, I will be discussing the similarities and differences between two of social workers most promising areas of practice the child and the elderly population. Social Workers can offer assistance to both children and parents. This is one of the reasons I choose to work with children. I would love having the ability to impact a child or a family s life by offering guidance and direction. When dealingRead MoreTechnology Solutions for Human Services Paper1181 Words   |  5 Pagesprofession involves various obstacles to overcome when working with a variety of clients. Obstacles are seen in all phases of human services in areas providing services, planning programs, and funding troubles. However, the elimination of some of these barriers can be done with the use of proper technology. Providing services to the aging population can be challenging, when providing services to this particular group because of the rising elderly population needing help and the decline of mental and physicalRead MoreElderly Adults : An Aging Population1152 Words   |  5 PagesElderly adults will always be present. If the average age span of the elderly rises, then changes will be made in numerous areas. An aging population calls for a changing nation. Many advantages come with a large elderly population, yet several disadvantages come in tow as well. If that population begins to live exceeding the average lifespan of past records, then numerous accommodations will need to be made. These arrangements will ultimately have an effect on surrounding age groups. Although nowRead MoreAging Society : Aging Population1661 Words   |  7 Pagesoverall population of the elderly population is anticipated to rise by 135%. The elderly population that is aged 85 and over, is expected to need more health and long-term care services, which is anticipated to rise by 350%. The burdens of the upcoming aging in population in the US is not so much originated from the rise in the aging population, by itself, but rather from the slower anticipated rise in the non-elderly, employed population. The gradual expansion of the employed population will resultRead MoreEssay about A Carrerr as a Gerontologist 1400 Words   |  6 Pagesof the elderly but attempt to understand and address the needs of the elderly. An individual can take different paths of gerontology. They can either work with the elderly through community service programs or even research physical and psychological aspects of aging, with the overall aim being towards improving our quality of lives as we grow older. The area in which I would like to pursue my career in gerontology is adult daycare or also known as elderly retirement homes. Numerous elderly peopleRead MoreThe Demographic Transition Model Analysis1208 Words   |  5 Pages In 2050, Argentina will be in stage four of the demographic transition model. This proposes that the population growth will be approach zero, and Argentina will sustain an unvarying population. Most of Europe, Japan, and the United States are perpetually in stage four. Argentina will then be considered a developed country with most people in the working age group, with a tumbling birth rate. This can be seen in the 2050 graph when the sides of the â€Å"pyramid† begin to straighten out or become invertedRead MoreThe Population Of The United States900 Words   |  4 Pages With the continual increase in the elder population, whether or not an aging population is beneficial to society has become widely debatable. While many believe that this top-heavy type of population distribution poses a colossal obstacle in terms of economic development in the long run, others maintain that it is a testament to the development of a society. Given that a high proportion of elderly citi zens puts immense pressure on the working force and would be a burden on the healthcare systemRead MoreEconomic Development Patterns Of Employment And Retirement915 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of employment and retirement, the way individuals and families operate, the capabilities of governments and communities to offer sufficient resources for the elderly population, and the commonness of chronic disease and disability. The social, economic, and demographic deviations that the United States is undergoing at the population level may perhaps have far-reaching outcomes on one’s physical health and well-being. For instance, changes in household arrangement may also lead to different options

Employee Satisfaction Free Essays

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT EMBA, 2ND BATCH, 4TH SEMESTER ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, KUSHTIA BANGLADESH A RESEARCH PROPOSAL BY: |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahangir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:monirkb1977@gmail. com |email:abusalehgb1980@gmail. com |email:alamjahangir111@gmail. com | |Cell No. 1818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 01550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester email:eeadesaiful@gmail. com Cell No. 01550151433 SUPERVISOR: Prof. Dr. Md. Zakaria Rahman Chairman, Department of Management, Islamic University, Kushtia – 7003, Bangladesh. Cell Phone:01711501307 Telephone+88-071-62021-6 Extn. 2278,2296,2481 (Off. ) E-mail: zakariaiu@yahoo. com Web:www. iubd. net :Declaration:: We declare that the proposal we are submitting for assessment contains no section copied in whole or in part from any other source unless explicitly identified in quotation marks and with detailed, complete and accurate referencing. |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahangir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:monirkb1977@gmail. com |email:abusalehgb1980@gmail. com |email:alamjahangir111@gmail. com | |Cell No. 01818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 1550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester email:eeadesaiful@gmail. com Cell No. 01550151433 i ::Contents:: |1 |INRODUCTION |Page 1 | | |1. 1 The Problem Statement |1 | | |1. 2 purpose of the study |1 | | |1. The objectives of the study |1 | | |1. 4 Research questions |2 | | |1. 5 Scope of the Research |2 | |2 |THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY |2 | | |2. Research Design |2 | | |2. 2 Data Source |2 | | |2. 3 Data Collection Techniques |2 | | |2. 4 Sample Techniques |3 | | |2. Data Analysis and Interpretation |3 | |3 |WORK PLAN |3 | |4 |REFERENCES |3 | ii TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY AT KUMARKHALI, KUSHTIA iii 1. INTRODUCTION: The Handloom industry is the ancient and the most important cottage industry of Bangladesh. This industry has lots of glorious past. Once upon a time, The Handloom industries were the only source of human clothing. Still now, this sector meets a portion of the total clothes production of Bangladesh. This sector provides employment many people still now. But this industry now faces threat of extinction because of various barriers which made us to develop this study over the handloom industry of Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh. 1. The Problem Statement: What are the problems of Handloom Industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia and what could be the possible solution of the problems of such industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 2The purpose of the Research: The main purpose of this research is to meet the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration Degree on Management, Islamic University Kushtia, Bangladesh and investigate the real problems of the handloom industry at K umarkhali, Kushtia in order to find out the possible solution of the problem depending on the factors that would be investigated. This study may be an important tool for further study on the problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 3The objectives of the study: ( To identify the problems lie in the production process. ( To identify the problems in distribution of handloom products. ( To identify the problems associated with level skill. ( To identify the problems associated with government support. ( To identify the problems associated with the organizing Capability ( To identify the level of demand of these products in market. To identify the immediate competitors of this sector. ( To identify the potential market. Page:1 1. 4The research questions: ( What are the problems lie in the production process? ( What are the problems in distribution of handloom products? ( What are the problems associated with level skill? ( What are the problems associated with government support? ( What are the problems associated with the organizing Capability? ( How much demand of these products in market? ( W ho are the immediate competitors of this sector? ( Where the potential market of handloom products? 1. Scope of the Research: This research will try to answer the problem statement as stated. This research location will be Tebaria, Sherkandi Alongipara Gopalpur under Kumarkhali Upazilla, Kushtia, Bangladesh. We will try to nail down the topic as much as possible. The ability of physical presence in the stated locations will provide the in-depth scope of the research. 2. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY: 2. 1Research design: Quantitative research method will be basic research design. For this, on spot survey will be carried out. The handloom weavers will be the main respondent of the research. 2. Data sources: Both of the Primary data and secondary data will be the data source of the research. The people of the selected locations who are directly involved in handloom weaving will be the source of primary data. Opinion of the local government representatives will be taken into account as seco ndary data source. 2. 3Data collection techniques: Various techniques will be used to collect the data. For this oral interview of the respondent will be taken. A prescribed questionnaire (having structured and open questions) will be supplied to the each respondent to answer the specific questions. 2. Sampling techniques: All the families involved in handloom weaving in the selected locations will be population of the research. Each will be treated as a sample. Maximum possible families will be taken as sample on random basis. Each elements of each sample will be interviewed and prescribed questionnaire will be supplied to them in order to answer the questions. 2. 5Data analysis and interpretation: The gathered data through interview and questionnaire will be analyzed and interpreted using suitable statistical tools such as tables, chart, percentage, probability, correlation etc. 3. WORK PLAN | | |STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PLAN |DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION | | | | |Submission of the propo sal |By 31 August 2012 | | | | |Design of a research plan |By 10 September 2012 | | | | |Design of questionnaire |By 15 September 2012 | | | | |Interviews/posting of questionnaires, etc. By 16 – 30 September 2012 | | | | |Raw tabulations/draft analysis of data |By 01-07 October 2012 | | | | |Final Analysis of data |By 08-15 October 2012 | | | | |Report up of findings By 16-20 October 2012 | | | | |Final Report |By 21-31 October 2012 | | | | |Presentation |As per Schedule date of University | ** Work plan may be changed depending on situation or as per requirements of Supervisor. References: 1. Business Research Methods, 8th edition, Zikmund Babin Carr Griffin 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social-research 3. http://www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/HT/K_0319. HTM 4. http://www. kumarkhali. com/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=41%3Aabout-kumarkhali-powroshova-catid=32%3AkumarkhaliItemid=52 5. http://www. thedailystar. net/lifestyle/2005/07/01/centre. ht m ———————– Page:2 Page:3 How to cite Employee Satisfaction, Papers

A case Study on Strategic Resource of Rio Tinto Free Samples

Question: Describe about Snapshot of Rio Tino,recent history and evolution of the "Mine of the Future" concept and Intersection of strategy, technology and mining of resources heading? Answer: Introduction: The report deals with the strategic resource management, practise and its importance in mining industry. The strategic resource and operation management has become one of the vital disciplines in several organizations. The ultimate purpose of managing strategic resource and operation is to help an organization to increase its performance through improved efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility. In these dynamic days, the essence of resource management is essential for running a business, strengthen firms competitive position, satisfying its customers expectation and achieving the performance targets. The research basically conducted on Rio Tinto, which is a reputed international mining group, headquartered in UK. The primary aim of the study is to provide a clear insight about the review of the tangible assists of the firm and its value chain analysis in order to achieve strategic outcomes with respect to the mining company, Rio Tinto. The study also intends to reflect the number of social and environmental issues that are relies in the heart of sustainable business strategy. I. Snapshot of Rio Tinto: The name Rio Tinto is well known throughout the globe primarily for its exquisite diamond that founds in one of their mining operation in Africa. The company has started its operation in the Great Britten and now it is spread evenly around the world. In mining operation, Rio Tinto is a biggest name and was made its position after their merger with CRA in 1995 (Fisher, 2012). Rio Tinto has been regarded as the one of the most resourceful company and has set their image as extremely powerful international organization in the global market. Major products of the company are copper, gold, diamonds, iron, industrial metals, thermal, uranium and aluminium. Presently the operation of the group has segmented in various countries in the world, for instance, Canada, Europe, Indonesia, South Africa, Mongolia, US, Australia and U. Western Australia is the key region of the companys portfolio. In this region, the group has 15 iron ore mines, a 1,700 kilometre rail networks, three port facilities and related infrastructure (Rio Tinto Australia, 2015). The developed infrastructure allows Rio to expand in this region significantly. As several mining companies are presence in Australia, Rio has got a golden chance to develop at a rapid pace in recent years. Apart from that, North America (countries such as Canada and US) is also a vital region of the group and it holds for 30% assets of Rio. These regions have a politically stable environment and well-developed infrastructure. It produces copper, coal, borates, ore, diamond and gold. The rest of the companys assets are located in South America (4%), Africa (6%), Indonesia (1%) and Europe (4%). Figure 1: Rio Tinto's Graphical Area Distribution (Source: Australia Mining Review, 2014) Value Chain of Rio Tinto: A value chain analysis is a chain of activities that operates a firm to deliver high quality product or service to its customers. The value chain process in Rio begins with exploration and goes through the several sections with high investment, high risk to get rich natural resources, low profit margin and so on and ultimately focus on refining the extraction of precious metals (for graphical representation of Rios value chain procedure, refer to Appendix 1). The margin of the mine tailing recircling is upward moving as it is low risk, enough raw materials are available in the company and no new burdens arise (IBM, 2009). Value creation occurs predominantly in the productive stage of the business. Market forces: Regarding the iron ore market, there is a significant demand especially from the countries like China and India due to their urbanization and industrialization strategy. At the same time, there is an increasing competition between the giant iron ore mines, especially between Fortescue Metals, Rio Tinto and BHP Billion (Rio Tinto Innovation, 2013). Rio Tintos Mine of the Future programme is the step ahead towards adopting high competition and increasing demand. The group has adopted Mine of the Future programme for developing fully autonomous operated mine strategy. Strategies Rio Tinto seeks to invest and operate in long-term, large and cost competitive mine industries that are not driven by the choice of commodity, rather the quality of opportunities (Rio Tinto Iron Ore Pilbara, 2015). With this policy, the group wants to work in an ethical and social responsible manner to enhance social wellbeing, sustainable development and economic prosperity within their strong governance system. II. Recent history and evolution of the Mine of the Future concept: Recently, Rio Tinto has started an innovative program, namely Mine of the future, which mainly focuses on creating extraordinary levels of automation and remote the operation in the mining industry. The strategic intent of the program is to revolutionise new way of mining that has not been attempt in the past centuries. The program was started on 18 December 2008 and aimed to reduce the carbon footprint in order to provide greater efficiency and improved management at lowest cost (Fisher, 2012). Rio Tinto believes that, such quality condition will help them to retain and attract superior quality staffs in the competitive labour market. The Mine of the future is a foreword looking strategy of Rio group where they are looking beyond their current existence and thinking about the ways through which they can implement better management strategy in future. Grant Thorne, the executive for technology and innovation group of Rio Tinto has said that, they always aims to provide a substantial safety, efficiency and predictability to their workers and the Mine of the future program is crucial steps taken ahead by them to satisfy these obligations. The Mine of the future project was first launched in 2008. By the April of this year, a mass of robot army were deployed in the Pilbara region of Western Australia to move 100 million tonnes travelled to more that 1 million kilometre. Moving materials by using robot army is one of the key components of Rios strategy (Engineers Australia, 2015). It is effective to reduce cost, increase efficiency, improve health, safety and environmental efficiency. The program is all about emphasised on finding most advanced ways to extract minerals from the deep mine within the earth and thereby reduce environmental impacts. With the strategy of Mine of the future, Rio Tinto has successfully met the expectation of various customers from emerging developed countries around the globe. Rio Tinto seeks to become global mining leader by achieving and maintaining sectoral leadership in terms of operational excellence, innovation, sustainable development and innovation. The group has successfully carried out its operations in the global scale by meeting and satisfying the needs of their customers in various section of the world. In the recent years, they have the way we work approach in order to achieve economic prosperity, social wellbeing, improved government system and sustainable development (Australia Mining Review, 2014). In order to manage their business in the international market, Rio follows some basic principle in their operation and they are maintaining internal performance with external drivers, realistic achievements with sustainable stretch, including corporate value to maximise shareholders return and transparency in their operation management. They believe that all kinds of injuries and incidents are preventable. They have created an environment where all employees have sufficient knowledge and desire to work safely and can go their home at the end of the day. Implementation of the safety programmes in their operational process currently being rolled out with a particular focus to achieve global supply chain management. Another aspect in their operational strategy is positive financial delivery (Itnews for Australian Business, 2015). Majority of the Rios assets provides positive return in respect to other mining industries. Rio has achieved this through constant delivery of the business improvement programs, application of the latest technology and investment assets in the lifecycle. Rio Tintos workforce is one of the crucial strategic resources that the company manage properly to establish its position in the global market. Rio believes that, attracting, developing and retaining the skilled employees is critical to improve business performance. An integrated talent sourcing, total reward architecture etc. are some example that Rio used to optimise the value of its workforce. The company joined with international rail specialists to implement worlds first long deployment of haul less driver train (McGagh, 2012). Under the Mine of the Future program, Rio first started to test autonomous trucks and drillers. It also established remote operation centre at Perth to manage operation at Pilbara mines which is 1,500 kilometre away. The company also signed with Komatsu for 150 autonomous car deployments. Within 2014, Rio has deployed autonomous drilling system (ADS) and autonomous haulage system (AHS) trucks in their three mine site and expected to spread out the uses strategically. Figure 2: Innovation Time line for Mine of the Future program (Source: Garvey, 2013) III. Status of the components of the Mine of the Future Iron Ore project: Rio Tintos Mine of the Future Iron Ore Project is concentrated in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Rios Pilbara operation comprise three shipping terminals at two ports, 13 mines and a rail network spanning around 1,400 kilometre. They export iron ore from their port on Western Australia to Eastern Europe and Asia. The development programme that Rio has adopted to expand global market for their product includes development of new mines and expanding key infrastructure that allow them to transport their product in market. In 2009, their Pilbara operation was accounted for more than 170 million tonnes of their total production (Rio Tinto Sustainable development Report, 2015). It implies that, from the year 2000, Rio has expanded their capacity up to 220 million tonnes per year and this is all because of their Pilbara Iron Ore operation. Now, Rio Tinto has a vision to establish Mine for the Future programme to improve the ways of mining via remote and automation. They have chose n Pilbara to fulfil their vision, as this is a part of their current ore extraction mines. The vision of the project was to transform mining into low effects, i.e. mining which has very low-level impact to the environment. It will also improve the health and safety of the workers by using robot technology. Figure 3: Mine of the Future (Source: Rio Tinto, 2006) In the current state of rising demand, competitive pressure, decreasing productivity and skill shortage and scarcity of resources, mining companies are upgrading their operations. The operational excellence is one of the crucial strategies that mining companies are trying to implement for achieving operational efficiency, high operational performance, improved process and cost control. In this context, Mine of the Future is an example of operational excellence that Rio executed along with their supply chain management to maximise their shareholders value (Rio Tinto, 2006). However, Rio needs to be very cautious about the negative environmental impacts that it imposes on its stakeholders, especially on the customers and local communities by ignoring their rights and interests. Now a days, mining companies are trying to get benefit from integration and coordination of all supply chain activities flawless process. The supply chain activity includes everything, from product development to production, sourcing, logistics as well as marketing. Effective supply chain management is likely to fulfil Rios strategic intent, for example, production at a right cost via high performing leans, maximizing portfolio via supply chain capabilities and value driven growth via supply chain synergies. Mine of the Future is the innovative execution of mining process that emphasis on end-to-end information technologies and cutting-edge technology to extract iron ore and minerals deep within the earth while reducing the environmental impacts. The four major component of Mine of the Future programme are Automated Drilling System (ADS), Autonomous Haulage System (AHS), Driverless Train System (DTS) and Operation centre (Rio Tinto Marine, 2015). Figure 4: Components of Mine of the Future program (Source: Rio Tinto Marine, 2015) The Operation centre (OC) or Perth control centre has the facilities that enable Rio to operate all the mines, rail systems and ports from a single location. It receives a wide amount of data from various sources including mine site based CCTV cameras and voice mobile radio channels that facilitates the production and transportation system to be monitored by OC. More than 400 operators are employed to manage the entire Pilbara iron ore network. OC uses a especial software that analyse the complex data set and creates a user-friendly 3D display of mine that helps the supervisor and controller to form an interaction with the mine activities. OC is not only important to flow information into Iron Ore supply chain, but also crucial to provide scalability to the company through big data analysis. Mine site based operational activities includes loading and haulage, drilling and blasting, process and wash plants, processing and stockpiling etc. At the mine site, each fleet constitutes trucks and loader units. Currently, there are 53 AHS trucks to move high-grade ore to the load-out sites and processing sites. Each AHS truck is capable to carrying 295 tonnes per load. These trucks are equipped with high-precisions GPS, radars, obstacle detection system and wireless network communication. The radars helps to move the truck quickly and safely whereas the obstacle detection system helps to reduce the speeds if required. These trucks send information to OC and in turn receive information from OC regarding the speed and target course. According to McGagh (2012), the AHS trucks extended the tyre life, enhanced the haul cycle time, lowered maintenance cost and reduced fuel uses. These benefits suggest that, AHS trucks not enhanced the overall productivity, but also it reduced some envi ronmental and social issues. Rio Tinto operates three autonomous drills at the Pilbara mine site. The automated blast-hole drill system enable an operator to operate multiple drilling by using a single console at a particular location. Human operator will control the first drilling and gradually the control will move to the OC in Perth. The ADS reduce the health and safety concerns of the workers and improve efficiency in blasting and drilling operations. It improve the recovery of the ore body by reducing the amount of waste, more predictable and consistent outcomes from blasting and provides more productive workforce as a result of remote control operations. Port based operational activities comprises the rail networks that transforms the Iron Ore from mine site to ship-loading, car-dumping and stockpiling for export. They have used Driverless Train System as a substitute of existing train system in which each train drawn out over 3 kilometres in length (YouTube, 2015). The loading capacity of these trains is same as the 250 cars. It enhanced the iron ore carrying capacity and improved the environmental impacts through greater flexibility in train scheduling, reducing delivery cycle time, lowering the energy costs, removal of driver change overtime and reduction in the carbon dioxide emission for each unit of iron ore production. It expected to complete their driverless project within 2015. For the development of remote control rock breaker, remote shipping loading and run-of-mine bin for ore processing, Rio is now working with Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). Similarly, the teleportation of the loading process enables the operators to work beyond the line-of-sight with video image and access the additional sensors to observe the production process. Another developing project of Rio under Mine of the Future program is Excellence centre and Peak-float. Excellence centre allow the team member to enhance productivity, take better decision, recue cost by virtual collaboration with the experts of the organization and access real time data from the operation. On the other hand, Peak-float is high performing computer program that float condition to ensure maximum mineral recovery (Rio Tinto Sustainable development Report, 2015). Before Mine of the Future program, Rio Tinto has been using an incremental innovation procedure along the life cycle of their business, such as developing first and second phase of the Pilbara mine operation. However, since 2008, it has undertaken the Mine of the Future program to bring a change in their innovation strategy and make it significantly different from their as usual business process. The initial observation of Mine of the Future program suggests that, Rio Tinto has initiated the program on the basis of their strong innovation capabilities and financial resources. They believe that, Mine of the Future project will provide them a sustainable competitive advantage as well as help them to deliver superior value to the stakeholders. According to the official website of Rio Tinto, the values that Rio offers to the stakeholders includes enhancing safety to their workers, reducing cost to shareholders, eliminating waste and improve overall equipment effectiveness, reducing the environmental impacts to the community where they works and improve quality of the product and dependability of the customers (YouTube, 2015). Rio has underlined a strong commitment to deliver its shareholders value and maintaining capital discipline. The world class portfolio of their high quality assets help them to maintain a strong EBIT margin and are in a well positioned to generate free cash flow. However, from the supply chain management aspect it can be said that, Mine of the Future program of Rio completely focuses on producing and delivering high quality product but fails to provide emphasis on the supplier and customer level performance. The non- financial matrix of production process includes quality of the product, production cost, delivery of flexibility and reliability, the speed of delivery and so on (Rio Tinto, 2006). The Mine of the Future program has successfully contributes in the aspect of speed of delivery, cost and quality of production and delivery reliability. In this context, the Relational View (RV) can be discussed. The Relational View defines relationship as a potential source of superior performance (Engineers Australia, 2015). In the light of RV, it can be said that, if Rio Tinto could establish a supply chain management procedure utilising the big data, it would greatly assists to form a stable and long-term relationship with their suppliers and the customers. One significant point from the study is that, Mine of the Future may results in low cost producer and over supply that could impacts the global iron or market price, gain competitive advantage in the market and become low cost producer in t he international field. IV. Sustainable mining and logistics within Rio Tinto: For the mining company the license to operate is under the scrutiny as countries have given a great emphasis on the health and safety aspect and social rights for the local communities. So, it is important for Rio to establish honest agreement with its stakeholders and determine a commitment to minimize environmental impacts. According to the report of US Environmental Protection Agency, the supply chain accounts major green house emissions (Rio Tinto Australia, 2015). Thus, majority of the companies are looking for sustainable supply chain to ensure their long-term existence. Beside other factors, todays supply chain management also includes the environmental and social issues. Figure 5: Pilbara Iron Ore Operation: Supply Chain with Sustainability aspects (Source: Rio Tinto Australia, 2015) The business procedure of Rio Tinto is closely related to the environment and local community where it works. Thus, it is solely responsible to develop sustainability in its business procedure to meet needs of the present generation without hampering the ability of the future generation to meet their demands. According to McGagh (2012), Rio Tinto is highly committed to sustainability in its supply chain management with a complete focus on environmental stewardship, social wellbeing, economic prosperity, safety and strong governance (Rio Tinto Innovation, 2013). The supply chain of Rio Tinto starts with procurement of the facilities that are necessary for its operations (as depicted in the figure 5). In their procurement principle, Rio Tinto clearly mentioned the minimum standard of health, ethical, environmental, anti-corruption practice and human rights that every supplier needs to meet or exceed. The logistic system of Rio Tinto comprise (1) resource development including exploration, assessment and planning, (2)mine operation encompassing drilling, loading, blasting, stockpiling, haulage and loading out and (3) rail transportation including ship loading and car damping (refer to Appendix 2). At every stage of supply chain, the company is highly committed to manage the risk sustainably and deliver positive value to their shareholders. Goal of the company for safety is zero harm as it recognises that healthy workers are essential for the business growth. Rio also believes that, respect to the employees is the central for creating harmonious workplace (Fisher, 2012). So, the company has developed a standard policies and guideline related to occupational health, safety and human rights. The human rights policy of Rio Tinto covers intimidation, child labour, sexual harassment and discrimination (Australia Mining Review, 2014). Regarding the environment and communities, it has been viewed that Rio Tinto respects the diversity of the indigenous people, their history, tradition and cultures. Hence, the company has developed a standard community policy to promote collaborative engagement at local, regional, national and international levels. In order to improve environmental management, Rio has developed several opportunities, for instance, sustainable water management at every stage of mineral exploration, protecting biodiversity, mine development and evaluating the divestment of assets. The management plan also developed to ensure sustainable economic outcome after site operation. Due to cost pressure, competing for resource and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in the mining industry, Rio has turned its business process from incremental innovation to step change innovation (IBM, 2009). The Mine of the Future program mostly focuses on the logistic system of the mine operation. Under this program, AHS trucks is used for loading and hauling process, ADS is used for drilling and blasting and autonomous train is used to move iron ore from mine site to port. The program also offers benefits to the shareholders in terms of improved health and safety, reduced environmental impacts and increased productivity. The workforce of Rio Tinto gets health and safety benefits through reduced risk in several segments, for instance, reduce human exposure to equipment operations and geotechnical risk, reduced incidence of accidents etc. Mine of the Future program has substitute labour with the capital to achieve better production at minimal risk. Thus, it has reduced number of employees and thereby labour cost, costs of housing employees at mine site and environmental impacts. In addition to that, the program also has eliminated some sources of inefficiencies such as unnecessary fuel consumption, unnecessary tear etc. in a more controlled and precious manner (YouTube, 2015). The program also effectively reduces the environmental footprints by consuming less energy in the business process. On the delivery stage, Rio provides ocean freight service to its customers that generally focus on both operational standard and environmental aspect of ocean transformation. Hence, it can be said that, Rio Tinto is operating in a sustainable supply chain management and provide major emphasis to maximise the shareholder value. They have likely to be achieved the supply chain sustainability by engaging their suppliers to ensure sustainable performance rather than merely a compliance. However, no data found in the literature section that implies that Rio have an intelligent supply chain system. It can improve their supply chain management system by taking better decision about their performance and more collaboration with the partners, suppliers and other key stakeholders. V. Intersection of strategy, technology and mining of resources heading: Mine of the Future is the initial step of Rio in achieving smatter mining state. So, there are some key issues that the company needs to address at the intersection of strategy, technology and mining of their resource heading. These issues are corporate social responsibility (CSR), business model innovation, process improvement, assets management, governance and workforce, process improvements and information collaboration (Rio Tinto Iron Ore Pilbara, 2015). Figure 6: Future business challenge of Rio Tinto (Source: Rio Tinto Iron Ore Pilbara, 2015) Corporate social responsibility (CSR): In the present days, CSR becomes pervasive and formal concept in the business context. Under Mine of the Future program, every machine can carried out its tasks with minima external control or automatically. Despite of several initiatives in improving environmental conditions, environmental issues like reduction in energy, soil erosion, surface water risk, dusts and soil waste still exists. At the same time, this program has reduced the mine related jobs for the residuals and local communities, which provide a adverse impact on the local economic activities, especially on Aboriginal Australians. The unskilled and semi-skilled workers are started to disappear with the adoption of remote operation technology and roll-out of autonomous (Itnews for Australian Business, 2015). Hence, Rio Tinto needs to provide more emphasis on these social and environmental issues. Business model innovation: The business model of Rio Tinto is designed to achieve its strategic intent and primarily focuses on delivering value for its shareholders. However, in the present competitive business environment, it is very important to that business model should be flexible with the dynamic market conditions and customers demand. In other word, business model not only needs to focus on creating value for their customers but also on the relationship building. Even though Rio is delivering added value to its customer via Mine of the Future program, it lacks to build a substantial relationship with the suppliers, tautomers and other business partners along with their supply chain. Hence, it still needs to work on that to ensure long-life expandable operations using their data intelligence system. Process improvement: The Mine of the Future program of Rio Tinto integrates remote operation technology and mine automation with huge capital investment. This program has been designed to promote greater efficiency in productivity as well as minimise the production cost. Hence, it is very important to measure the outcome of the process constantly and in real time to ensure best possible outcomes in efficiency, performance, energy consumption, wear and tear and longevity in the use of expensive machineries (Rio Tinto Marine, 2015). According to Garvey (2013), six sigma is very fundamental change that Rio has implemented in the structure of their work to actively engage, involve and communicate with their people. Therefore, Rio needs to address more improvement process like six sigma. Governance and workforce, process improvements: The existing organizational structure of Rio is characterised by five-business-unit structure in which unit compose of five stratums between the managing director level and mining staff level (YouTube, 2015). It has been reported that, regarding the Mining of the Future program Rio will change its future workforce requirements and the ways in which the managed their workforce. It has the potential to remove the management program from the existing five strata as large-scale operation may leads to reduction in the operation roles. However, it can also emerge new roles to fulfil various competency requirements, such as aptitude for using information technology, skills and knowledge in science and mathematics and so on. Thus, Rio needs to reorganize its operational structure and make it aligned with the remotely controlled autonomous operations. Improvement in Information collaboration process: Under the Mine of the Future program, if any kind of machine failure occurs on the mine site, sensor on that machine automatically alert a control room 160 kilometres away (Fisher, 2012). Then the supervisor of the room assembles a virtual team to discuss the problem and finds the best possible solution. Experts from different mines are get connected in the real time as well as a team of technical support expert and a maintenance repair person. In order to form effective collaboration among these groups, the real time information is very important component. In addition to that, real time information also plays an crucial role for future supply chain management process. The function of supply chain management process can be hampered due to distorted information flow up and down. In order to avoid these issues, improvement of information integration and collaboration process will be the future challenge for Rio Tinto. References: Australia Mining Review. (2014). With Andrew Harding Iron Clad Future. Retrived from: https://www.miningreview.com.au/news/andrew-harding-iron-clad-future/ Engineers Australia. (2015). Big data results in big savings for Rio Tinto. Retrieved from: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/news/big-data-results-big-savings-rio-tinto Fisher, B., (2012). Autonomous and Remote Operation Technologies in the Mining Industry. Retrived from: https://www.baeconomics.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Mining-innovation-5Feb12.pdf Garvey, P. (2013). Rios autonomous haul trucks quietly improving productivity in Pilbara. The Australian Business Review. Retrieved from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/in-depth/rios-autonomous-haul-trucks-quietly-improving-productivity-in-pilbara/story-fni4k1kl-1226627375954?nk=8650e85f37a634fe81dac3c9fd855235 IBM. (2009). Envisioning the Future of Mining. Retrived from: https://www-07.ibm.com/innovation/au/shapingourfuture/downloads/wp_envisioning_mining.pdf Itnews for Australian Business. (2015). Rio Tinto grows driverless truck fleet . Retrived from: https://www.itnews.com.au/News/382965,rio-tinto-grows-driverless-truck-fleet.aspx McGagh, J. (2012). Mine of the future: Rio Tintos Innovation Pathway. Retrieved from: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/120925_JMG_MineExpo.pdf Rio Tinto Australia. (2015). Australia Proud of our rich heritage in Australia. Retrived from: https://www.riotinto.com/australia-9559.aspx Rio Tinto Innovation. (2013). Paper Presents at the meeting of American Chamber of Commerce, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/090813_JMG_American_Chamber_Of_Commerce_Presentation.pdf Rio Tinto Iron Ore Pilbara. (2015). Western Australian community investment. Retrieved from: https://www.riotinto.com/ironore/pilbara-4691.aspx Rio Tinto Marine. (2015). Rio Tinto Marine Website. Retrived from: https://marine.riotinto.com/default.asp Rio Tinto Sustainable development Report. (2015). Iron Ore WA. Retrieved from: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/RTIO_WA_SD_REPORT_2012.pdf Rio Tinto. (2006). The way we Buy (our statement of procurement practice). Retrieved From: https://procurement.riotinto.com/documents/The_way_we_buy_English_web.pdf YouTube. (2015). Mine of the Future People and Technology working together. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l_EbGLItyY YouTube. (2015). Rio Tinto Iron Ore Autonomous Haulage System (Mine of the Future). Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9wlrV4R6Tc Appendix 1: Value Chain of Rio Tinto (Source: IBM, 2009) Appendix 2: Logistic System of Iron Ore at Pilbara mine site (Source: Fisher, 2012)